Different types Of Networking Devices

What Are the Networking Devices..?

Local Area Networks ( LANs ) are most commonly used by organizations. The organizations need to connect multiple lines together to extend networks. Networking devices are also called internetworking devices which act as an intermediate agent for transmission of data in the network these devices interconnect the system linked into large separate out groups of land these devices manage network by dividing a single network into multiple subnetworks, this reduces the number of nodes on a network and so network traffic also reduces. The networking devices also provide security by restricting an individual to specified resources and increases system reliability.

Network Interface Card ( NIC )

In a network to send the data, the nod requires destination address in a network each node should have its own address to send and receive data. This is known as Media Access Control address ( MAC ) it is provided by IEEE. It operates at Layar 2 that is the Data Link Layer of the OSI model. In networking network interface card NIC is a hardware device that is used to connect a node to a network NIC is fitted into the expansion slot inside the computer itself as a link for sending and receiving data on the network it can support @ 10/100/1000 MBPS the user can select NIC depending on the types of network protocol and media. 

Speed and performance of the network also depend on the network card every node on the network should have a network card with a unique media access control ( MAC ) address. A MAC address is the address that is assigned by IEEE to uniquely identify a network card this address is stored in the Programmable Read-Only Memory ( PROM ) 

Types of Network Interface Card ( NIC )

There are two types of network interface cards.

1.wired 

2.wireless

To connect wired Ethernet card to the switch are hub Ethernet cables are used. MAC address is used by the switches and hubs to transmit data between different notes. Wireless Ethernet card has a small antenna that uses radio waves to communicate with the central wireless hub and switch known as an access point. 

MAC ADDRESS

Well, this is a hardware address that is embedded in the NIC it is also known as hardware physical address. It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. Mac address is 12 digit hexadecimal number 48 bit address the Mac address is made up the numbers from 0 to 9 or a letter from A to F. 

Different types of networking devices

Hubs

A Hub is a repeater with multiple ports simply receive the data from one port and send the data to all ports allows multiple devices to be connected from in a single network segment and operate at the physical layer of the OSI models. It is the simplest networking device it has a low cost it can connect different media type twisted pairs and coaxial cable. 

Switches

Nowadays switches are mostly used in LAN due to their Superior throughput performance Hai epos density Lower court cost and generator flexibility is the cost of which depends on the number of course as the number of force increases costs increases which is available in 4 port 8 port 16 port 24 port and 48 port. The switch is a networking device that delivered packets through the networks.It is more advanced than A hub but not as advanced as a router. It connects separate line segments it allows multiple systems to transmit simultaneously. 

Working of switch

When a switch receives data from one of the connected devices define it forwards data only with the port on which the destination system is connected. It uses the media access control that is the Mac address of the device to determine the correct port. Consider device A wants to send a date data to device B its prepare this frame and send to the switch Frame and check the Mac address of the destination system in the frame it then transfers data to the device only instead of broadcasting to all the devices. by providing data only to the system to which the data is address switched is decrease the amount of traffic on each network links then frame is divided into four parts the first part contains the Mac address of the recipient this address is followed by the Mac address of the sentence machine in the third part the data that is to be transmitted a place a maximum of 1500 bytes of data can be sent in a frame this may differ depending on a network. The NIC forwarded this data to the correct recipient If the size of the data is larger than the NIC capicity then the data must be broken down into frame size chunks and then send to the NIC. 

Routers

The router is an intelligent network layer device. It connects two or more networks segment which may be near are very far and having different types of cabling hence it can work in a LAN and WAN environment. The router has a length which is used to connect to your plan for computer and when ports which are generally used to connect to some other connection that includes regular phone line. Routers are more advanced for telephone connections like ISDN, ADSL, PPPoE, Static IP, Dynamic IP, and T1 or maybe cable modem. 

Routers pass incoming packets from one line and other according to the IP address stored in the incoming factors. The router comes in a variety of shape size and function little routers are used in home and small businesses midsize router are used to connect a couple of buildings domestic backbone.

Features of a router

Router have an advanced function as compared to other network devices router features depends on its intelligent working the features of router are -:

1. Transfer data to the destination node by selecting the best path or route.
2. Connects different types of networks.
3. Share information with other routers in the network.
4. It contains routing table that keeps track of the route to route the packets to another network.
5. Uses routing protocol to route data across a network.
6. It's more expensive than switches and operates slowly in the network than switches. It does not allow broadcast from one network to another. 

Gateways

It is a networking device that acts as an entrance is against someone and other network enterprises the Gateway is a device that controls traffic from external access to the outside network Gateway acts like a proxy server. The router uses headers and forwarding tables to determine whether packets are said that we will be not know all the routes to reach every address on the network but it will have the address of another database to which it can handover the traffic at default gateway. It is in the same subjects as your computer. when it does not know so which route to send the traffic towards destination Gateway interconnect the different networks and provides translation services from one packet can stock to another to for network communication. The basic function of a Gateway is translated data from one format to another format it does not convert the actual data. It works at all levels of the OSI model the gateway to the side by side and left side the inside connected to model and their force the internet by ISP and demand-side connect to the network by the hub which so while configuring Gateway you need to configure both WAN and LAN side.

Access points

An access point is A device that creates a wireless local area network Or WLAN usually in an office or large building. An access point connects to a wired router, switch or hub via an Ethernet cable and projects a wifi signal to a designated area. It can handle more than 60 users simultaneously. It can be mount ceiling, wall table, etc. It may be fit or fat mode installation. It supports a power adapter as well as PoE for the run itself.